RESUMEN Aprobado el Proyecto de Ley Estatutaria de la Administración de Justicia en la Jurisdicción Especial para la Paz, fue remitido a la Corte Constitucional para su control automático; declarado constitucional, fue enviado a la Presidencia de la República. El presidente Iván Duque lo impugnó con seis objeciones, remitidas al Congreso; estas fueron negadas y el Proyecto fue enviado a la Corte Constitucional, ratificado en su constitucionalidad inicial. Finalmente, fue sancionado por el presidente de la República, con su reiteración de las objeciones, como necesarias, en medio de un ambiente de hostilidad del Gobierno Nacional, el la Fiscalía General, y las fuerzas contrarias a los Acuerdos de Paz, que ponen en riesgo la JEP. La existencia y garantía del funcionamiento de la JEP, la implementación justa y necesaria de los Acuerdos de Paz, el freno de las actuales amenazas a la democracia y su existencia dependen de la solidaridad y el respaldo masivos de las fuerzas democráticas, que reversen el avance de las fuerzas retardatarias, el autoritarismo y las corrientes neofascistas, que bajo las banderas del «estado de opinión», pretenden suplantar el Estado constitucional de derecho. Se analizan los avances y obstáculos de la JEP, en el actual contexto sociopolítico colombiano. Se utiliza un enfoque crítico y socio jurídico, el método histórico y el lógico, el análisis y la síntesis, las fuentes primarias y secundarias y se hace análisis documental.

ABSTRACT Approved the Draft Statutory Law of the Administration of Justice in the Special Jurisdiction for Peace, was submitted to the Constitutional Court for automatic control; declared constitutional, was sent to the Presidency of the Republic. President Iván Duque, challenged with six objections, sent to Congress, these were denied and the Project, sent to the Constitutional Court, ratified in its initial constitutionality. Finally, he was sanctioned by the President of the Republic, with his reiteration of the objections, as necessary, in the midst of an atmosphere of hostility from the National Government, the Attorney General, and the forces contrary to the Peace Accords, which put at risk the JEP. The existence and guarantee of the functioning of the JEP, the just and necessary implementation of the Peace Accords, the curb of the current threats to democracy and their existence, depend on the solidarity and massive support of the democratic forces that reverse the advance of the retarding forces, the authoritarianism and the neofascist currents, that under the flags of the «state of opinion», pretend to supplant the Constitutional State of law. The advances and obstacles of the JEP are analyzed in the current Colombian socio-political context. A critical and socio-legal approach is used, the historical and logical method, analysis and synthesis, primary and secondary sources and documentary analysis.

Abstract The Mexican cult around the image of the Virgin of Tepeyac is commonly addressed in relation with creole nationalism, but that emphasis ignores the survival of its cult until today. Given that construction of identity through ‘miraculous' images persists through technologies of iconic deployment, it is necessary to examine the original functions of its technologies. I investigate these problems by considering the construction of a new exhibition site for the Virgin of Tepeyac (New Basilica), and the modalities of reproducing the image until today. The historical comparison of these contemporary techniques with those of the seventeenth century enables to appreciate the coherence of this visual tradition and its importance to the construction of social processes in Mexico.

Resumen La tradición cultual mexicana alrededor de la imagen de la Virgen del Tepeyac se ha estudiado insistentemente por su importancia para el surgimiento del nacionalismo criollo, pero se ha ignorado la pervivencia del culto en el México contemporáneo, resultado de un programa visual particular. La construcción de la identidad mediante prácticas relativas a imágenes “milagrosas” funciona actualmente gracias a tecnologías que renuevan el despliegue icónico. Entender su funcionamiento original ayuda a entender su pervivencia hasta nuestros días. En este ensayo se aborda este problema mediante el análisis de la creación de un nuevo sitio expositivo para la Virgen del Tepeyac (Nueva Basílica), así como las modalidades de reproducción de la imagen. Comparar visualmente estas técnicas contemporáneas de mostración y reproducción con las del siglo xviii, permitirá atisbar la coherencia y el sentido de esta tradición visual y su importancia para la construcción de los procesos sociales en México.

Approximately thousand years ago it was reported the use of mandibles of ants for suture. In this sense, bioinspired components, as absorbable surgical clamps, can be designed. This study is aimed to characterize the mandible of the ant Atta laevigata in order to help the selection of candidate biomaterials for application as surgical clamps. Three pairs of mandibles were used and ten nanoindenations were performed in each pair. The average hardness for the samples in the internal and external regions were 0.36 ± 0.06 GPa and 0.19 ± 0.04 GPa, respectively and the average elastic modulus for the internal and external regions were 6.16 ± 0.23 GPa and 2.74 ± 0.44 GPa, respectively. The morphology of the mandible was observed in detail by scanning electron microscopy, as well as Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The average roughnesses on the internal and external regions, measured by atomic force microscopy, were 6.73 ± 0.90 nm and 11.87 ± 1.42 nm, respectively. From these results, it was possible to identify biomaterials that mimic the mandible behaviour for surgical clamp.

In this work two very simple apparatuses, namely the ball crater (or ball-on-plate) and the linear reciprocating (or pin-on-plate) tests, were used in order to investigate the wear mechanisms of TPH Spectrum® and Resilab Master® dental composite resins. Loads in the range of 100 g to 1 kg and a total number of up to 24000 cycles were employed. During some of these tests, aqueous aluminum oxide suspensions were used as abrasive agent either diluted or not in distilled water. In case of the ball-on-plate test wear is dominated by abrasive and/or adhesive mechanisms, and is characterized by scratches which are composed of wear defects comprising particle detachment, wear of the polymer matrix and ceramic particle abrasion. However, the relative contributions of the two wear mechanisms could not be determined separately. In case of the pin-on-plate test wear is governed by the fatigue mechanism, although abrasive and adhesive wear mechanism are also present. After a certain number of cycles fatigue wear dominates the wear behavior and results in severe material loss. This mechanism seems to be more important in case of more brittle materials and when higher loads are employed. Qualitative analysis of the results suggests that the combination of these two very simple methods under appropriate conditions can yield sound results which may be representative of a number of clinical situations.

Relatamos aqui conclusões de um estudo sobre formação inicial de professores, cujos dados foram constituídos durante o processo de reestruturação de um projeto pedagógico de um curso de licenciatura em Física de uma universidade pública. Durante esse processo, foram consideradas a legislação pertinente e as demandas de licenciandos, docentes universitários e de professores de Física em exercício na educação básica que, contribuindo a partir de diferentes posições, colaboraram fornecendo elementos para a configuração final do projeto. Para a leitura e interpretação dos discursos desses segmentos, foram adotadas como referências noções sobre desenvolvimento curricular e análise do discurso. Nesta comunicação, analisamos apenas as contribuições dos licenciandos envolvidos no processo.

We aim to report the outcomes of a broader study on Physics teachers' pre-service education, whose data were collected during the restructuring process of the undergraduate program curriculum in Physics Education , carried out in a Brazilian public university. During this process, it was taken into consideration: the pertinent legislation, pre-service and in-service Physics teachers, and university professors' demands who contributed from different positions for the final project organization. To read and interpret discourses of those involved in this process we adopted notions on curricular development and discourse analysis. In this paper we analyze only contributions of future teachers involved in the process.

La Constitución Política de Colombia cumple veinte años de su promulgación el 4 de julio de 2011. Este tiempo resulta suficiente para hacer un balance de sus declaraciones formales y de los resultados de su aplicación, de sus fortalezas y debilidades y de responder a la pregunta sobre la naturaleza sociojurídica del Nuevo Orden Constitucional Colombiano. Se aplica un enfoque sociojurídico e interdisciplinario, se utilizan los métodos cualitativos, se combinan las fuentes primarias con las secundarias y se hace análisis documental.

The Colombian Political Constitution, on July 4th of 2011, will accomplish twenty years of Its proclamation, sufficient time to do a balance of Its formal declarations and of the results obtained by Its application, of Its strengths and weakness and to answer the question about the socio-juridical nature of the New Colombian Constitutional Order. This research makes use of a socio-juridical and interdisciplinary focus, qualitative methods, combination of primary and secondary sources and documental analysis.

La tuberculosis es un grave problema de salud pública a nivel mundial; se ha observado en la actualidad un incremento de la enfermedad. No obstante la tuberculosis extrapulmonar de afectación peritoneal es poco frecuente así como la presencia de abscesos tuberculosos. El riesgo de infección se incrementa en parte debido a una serie de factores tales como: inmunosupresión, VIH, patología maligna, tratamiento con corticoesteroides, cirrosis, entre otros(1,2). Esta enfermedad presenta una gran similitud con diversos cuadros clínicos y dado su presentación clínica variada debe sospecharse ante todo paciente que se presente con dolor abdominal de etiología desconocida principalmente si se acompaña de fiebre, ascitis tabicada y distensión abdominal(1). Se presenta el caso de una paciente femenina de 46 años de edad, con antecedente de artritis reumatoide quien ingresa por presentar dolor abdominal, ictericia, fiebre, esplenomegalia, retención de azoados, planteándose leptospirosis en un principio, con evolución tórpida. Durante su hospitalización comienza a presentar ascitis que luego se tabica y posteriormente se evidencia LOE en lóbulo hepático izquierdo cuyo drenaje reporto BAR. En el estudio de líquido ascítico se determino GASA<1.1, con linfocitos en 98%, ADA: 59 U/L. Se inicia tratamiento con rifampicina, isoniacida, pirazinamida y ethambutol con evolución satisfactoria.

Tuberculosis is a serious public health problem worldwide, and lately a rise on the incidence of this disease has been observed. The clinical presentation of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis with peritoneal incidence is so rare and atypical as well as the presence of tubercular abscess. The risk of infection has increased mostly due to a series of different factors including: immunosuppression, HIV, malignancy pathology, corticosteroids usage, cirrhosis, among others. This anomaly shows big similitude with other clinical cases and because of its diverse clinical form it should be suspected on every patient presenting abdominal pain with unknown etiology specially if is accompanied with fever, ascites septum and abdominal distension. We are presenting a case of a 46 years old female, admitted with abdominal pain, icterus, persistent low-grade fever, splenomegaly, azoate retention and, history of rheumatoid arthritis. On examination, she was diagnosed with leptospirosis with torpid evolution. Later on, after admitted in the hospital she started to show signs of ascites becoming septum, subsequently manifested LOE in left hepatic lobule reporting BAR in parecentesis. Analysis of the fluid yielded GASA <1.1, lynphocites 98% ADA: 59 U/L. Treatment with rifampicin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide y ethambutol was started and a satisfactory output was obtained.